ISSN: 2148-4902 | E-ISSN: 2536-4553
Northern Clinics of İstanbul - North Clin Istanb: 4 (3)
Volume: 4  Issue: 3 - 2017
RESEARCH ARTICLE
1. Evaluation of the wound healing potential of Aloe vera-based extract of Nerium oleander
Sevcan Gul Akgun, Sezgin Aydemir, Naziye Ozkan, Meral Yuksel, Semra Sardas
PMID: 29270567  PMCID: PMC5724913  doi: 10.14744/nci.2017.94914  Pages 205 - 212
INTRODUCTION: Nerium oleander (Apocynaceae) and Aloe vera (Liliaceae) are among the widely used herbal remedies for treating skin diseases and possess numerous activities such as antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, and antioxidant. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible wound healing effect of Aloev era-based extract of the N. oleander leaf (NAE-8®) based on its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and DNA repair capacity along with histological changes and to compare them with the traditional silver sulfadiazine treatment (SSD).
METHODS: Twenty-four Wistar albino rats were randomly grouped as follows: i) control, ii) burn alone (burn), iii) burn with topical NAE-8® (burn+NAE-8®) treatment, and iv) burn with topical 1% silver sulfadiazine (burn+SSD) treatment. All groups received their related topical application twice a day for 14 consecutive days. Upon completion of the experimental protocol, trunk blood and skin tissues were collected for measuring malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), myeloperoxidase (MPO), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), %DNA in the tail (%DNAT) levels along with histological examinations.
RESULTS: Thermal injury-induced alterations in MDA, GSH, MPO, TNF-α, IL-1β, and %DNAT levels were significantly reversed by NAE-8® treatment. These ameliorative effects were also supported by histological findings.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Findings of the present study suggest that NAE-8® is a promising remedy for treating skin burn injury.

2. Deceased donor liver transplantation from donors with central nervous system malignancy: Experience of the Inonu University
Volkan Ince, Veysel Ersan, Fatih Ozdemir, Bora Barut, Cemalettin Koc, Burak Isik, Cuneyt Kayaalp, Sezai Yilmaz
PMID: 29270568  PMCID: PMC5724914  doi: 10.14744/nci.2017.74436  Pages 213 - 217
INTRODUCTION: Liver transplantation from deceased donors with a central nervous system (CNS) malignancy has some risk of tumor transmission to the recipient. Though the risk is small, this group of donors is regarded as marginal. The use of marginal grafts may be an acceptable alternative practice in order to expand the donor pool in countries where there is a shortage of donated organs. The aim of this study was to examine and present the outcomes of liver transplantations performed using donors with a CNS tumor.
METHODS: Between March 2002 and July 2017, 1990 (deceased donor: n=399, 20%; living donor: n=1591, 80%) liver transplantations were performed at the center. Of the 399 deceased donors, 17 (4.2%) had a CNS tumor. The data of donors with a CNS tumor and of recipients who survived for more than 1 month (n=11) were retrospectively reviewed. Demographic data, the grade of the CNS tumor, tumor transmission to recipient data, and survival rates were analyzed.
RESULTS: Only 2 (18%) grafts were provided locally, 6 (54%) were offered to the transplantation center after all of the national centers had declined them, and 3 (37%) were made available to us by the national coordination center for patients with a documented notification of urgency. High-grade (grade III-IV) brain tumors were detected in 7 (64%) donors, while low-grade (grade I-II) tumors were found in 2 patients. The remaining 2 donors were not pathologically graded because the diagnosis was made radiologically. The 1-, 3-, and 5-year overall and tumor-free survival of the patients was estimated at 100%, 70%, and 45%, respectively.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: A median survival of 40 months (range: 13-62 months) was achieved in recipients of grafts from a donor with a CNS tumor and no donor-related malignant transformation was observed.

3. Impact of insulin resistance and obesity on intracytoplasmic sperm injection outcomes in young women with polycystıc ovary syndrome
Yigit Cakiroglu, Emek Doger, Fisun Vural, Sule Yildirim Kopuk, Birol Vural
PMID: 29270569  PMCID: PMC5724915  doi: 10.14744/nci.2017.79663  Pages 218 - 224
INTRODUCTION: To examine effects of body mass index (BMI) and insulin resistance (IR) on the in vitro fertilization (IVF) outcomes in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).
METHODS: A total of 106 women with PCOS who underwent intracytoplasmic sperm injection were investigated. The patients were stratified into groups according to their BMI [healthy weight: BMI <25 kg/m2 (n=51), overweight: ≤25–29.9 kg/m2 (n=27), and obese: ≥30 kg/m2 (n=28)]. Secondly, the patients were classified based on the presence of IR (IR was considered to be present if homeostatic model assessment-IR was >2.5). The main outcome measures were reproductive and IVF outcomes with respect to BMI and IR.
RESULTS: The basal hormonal evaluations, such as follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), LH/FSH, estradiol, testosterone, DHEAS, AMH, and antral follicle counts, were similar between the groups of BMI and IR. The number of retrieved oocytes, MII oocytes, embryo counts, and fertilization and pregnancy rates were similar between lean and overweight/obese PCOS with and without IR. Even though pregnancy and delivery rates per started cycle and embryo transfer were higher in healthy-weight women with PCOS than in overweight/obese patients, it did not reach statistical significance.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Reproductive outcomes in women with PCOS according to BMI and IR were similar. Neither BMI nor IR had an independent effect on ovarian response and IVF success in young women with PCOS.

4. Clinical approach to pediatric neck masses: Retrospective analysis of 98 cases
Ozlem Unsal, Pinar Soytas, Seyhan Ozakkoyunlu Hascicek, Berna Uslu Coskun
PMID: 29270570  PMCID: PMC5724916  doi: 10.14744/nci.2017.15013  Pages 225 - 232
INTRODUCTION: Pediatric neck masses (PNMs) are a frequently encountered problem in otorhinolaryngology practice. The clinical approach to cervical masses in childhood varies from that of adults. Due to differences among clinicians in the assessment of a PNM, studies investigating this subject are significant contributions to the literature. For this reason, a review was conducted of pediatric PNM cases with an open biopsy (incisional/excisional) and a histopathological diagnosis.
METHODS: The hospital records of 98 (34 girls, 64 boys) pediatric patients aged between 8.5 months and 16 years were reviewed. The history, physical examination findings, blood tests, medical treatments, imaging reports, and the pathology and/or microbiology results of the patients were recorded and evaluated. The cervical masses were categorized according to the etiology, imaging features, size, and location.
RESULTS: Surgical biopsy was planned due to the suspicion of malignancy, typical clinical presentation or location, or size greater than 20 mm despite antibiotherapy for 2 to 6 weeks. Excisional biopsy (91.8%) was the first choice for histopathological sampling. Infectious masses were observed most commonly, followed by congenital and neoplastic masses, at a rate of 49%, 27.6%, and 23.4%, respectively. Hodgkin lymphoma was the most frequent type of malignancy (39.1%). Thyroglossal and branchial cysts constituted 74.1% of congenital masses. Sixty-seven percent of all masses were solid, and the lateral levels of the neck were the most affected locations (44.9%).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: In most cases, the diagnosis can be made with a detailed history and physical examination. In the presence of nonspecific findings, blood tests, imaging, and histopathological sampling are required. Ultrasound should be the first preference for imaging, and excisional biopsy is suggested rather than fine needle aspiration biopsy for histopathological sampling in pediatric neck masses.

5. Investigation of the vitamin B12 deficiency with peripheral neuropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated using metformin
Serdar Olt, Orhan Oznas
PMID: 29270571  PMCID: PMC5724917  doi: 10.14744/nci.2017.98705  Pages 233 - 236
INTRODUCTION: The relationship between vitamin B12 deficiency and peripheral neuropathy has been shown in a number of previous studies. Metformin is the indispensable first-line treatment for type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) worldwide. One of the adverse effects of the use of metformin is vitamin B12 deficiency. In the present study, we investigated the relationship between vitamin B12 deficiency and peripheral neuropathy due to the use of metformin.
METHODS: Patient’s laboratory and electromyography (EMG) data were retrospectively reviewed. Patients with no EMG report and other necessary information were excluded from the study.
RESULTS: Eighty-six patients with type 2 DM using metformin were included in the study. Of these patients, 26 were males and 60 were females. The mean age of the patients was 55.1±7.7 years. The mean body mass index of the patients was 29.1±9.01 kg/m2. The mean HbA1c level of the patients was 8.6%±2.1%. The mean duration of diabetes was 8.02±5.4 years. The incidence of vitamin B12 deficiency was 38.4%. Peripheral neuropathy was detected in 33.7% patients. There was no statistically significant difference in vitamin B12 levels between patients with peripheral neuropathy and those without peripheral neuropathy (p=0.64).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Therefore, it can be concluded that the lack of vitamin B12 secondary to the use of metformin did not significantly increase the frequency of peripheral neuropathy.

6. Lipid profile and plasma atherogenic index in postmenopausal osteoporosis
Gulcin Sahin Ersoy, Engin Ersin Simsek, Dogan Vatansever, Halim Omer Kasikci, Buket Keser, Onder Sakin
PMID: 29270572  PMCID: PMC5724918  doi: 10.14744/nci.2017.61587  Pages 237 - 241
INTRODUCTION: The goal of this study was to investigate the relationship between the lipid profile, plasma atherogenic index (PAI), and osteoporosis in postmenopausal women.
METHODS: The data of age, duration of menopause, height, weight, lipid profile, bone mineral density (BMD) value, and history of oral contraceptive use of 407 postmenopausal women who had not been menstruating for at least 12 months, were between the ages 45 and 80, and presented at the obstetrics and gynecology polyclinic of Kartal Dr. Lutfi Kirdar Training and Research Hospital were reviewed. The patients were divided into 2 groups according to the presence of osteoporosis, and the data compared. The level of significance was accepted as p<0.05.
RESULTS: A total of 142 postmenopausal patients with osteoporosis were included in the study. The mean age was 61.7±6.9 years. In the control group, there were 263 postmenopausal women without osteoporosis, with a mean age of 58.3±4.5 years. There was no statistically significant difference with respect to triglyceride level; however, in the osteoporosis group, the level of total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) were lower, and the level of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) was higher (p=0.762, p=0.002, p=0.01, p<0.001, respectively).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: A high level of HDL, and low LDL and PAI values, which are important for the prevention of cardiovascular disease, were found to be negative factors for BMD.

7. Evaluation of the relationship between the femoro-tibial angle and meniscal injury
Mehmet Sirik
PMID: 29270573  PMCID: PMC5724919  doi: 10.14744/nci.2017.79847  Pages 242 - 246
INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between the presence of meniscal injury and the femorotibial angle in the knee joint.
METHODS: Patients who underwent knee magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at our department between January 2015 and March 2015 were included in this study. Knee MR images of these patients were retrospectively re-evaluated for meniscal injury. The anatomic femorotibial angle measurements of the patients were calculated using AP knee radiograms. The relationship between femorotibial angle values and the presence of meniscal injury was analyzed.
RESULTS: One hundred and fourteen knee joints of 101 patients were included. The mean age of the patients was 40.6±13.4 years. The number of injured medial menisci was 92 and the average femorotibial angle in these knees was 5.6±1.88; the number of non-injured medial menisci was 22 and the average femorotibial angle value in these knees was 5.8±1.92 (p=0.82); The number of lateral meniscus with injury was 22 and the mean femorotibial angle value in these knees was 6.1±1.50; the number of lateral meniscus without injury was 92 and the average femorotibial angle value in these knees was 5.6±1.96 (p=0.20).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: In our study, there was no statistically significant correlation between femorotibial angle values and the presence of injury in medial and lateral meniscuses. We believe that frontal plane bone alignment disorder of the knee does not have a predisposition to meniscal injury.

8. Fear of childbirth in urban and rural regions of Turkey: Comparison of two resident populations
Filiz Okumus, Nevin Sahin
PMID: 29270574  PMCID: PMC5724920  doi: 10.14744/nci.2017.46693  Pages 247 - 256
INTRODUCTION: Childbirth is a natural physiological event experienced by many women; however, it is frequently also a source of fear in women. Rates of cesarean sections in Turkey are higher in the urban areas than in the rural areas. We hypothesized that lower fear of childbirth (FOC) rates would be observed in the city having the lowest cesarean section rates in Turkey. This study aimed to compare FOC in women in two resident populations: one in a rural area and the other in an urban area.
METHODS: This study was conducted on 253 pregnant women in Istanbul, a large urban municipality, and Siirt, a city in rural Turkey. A descriptive information form and the A version of the Wijma Delivery Expectancy/Experience Questionnaire (W-DEQ) were used.
RESULTS: Severe FOC levels were recorded in women in the Istanbul sample; moreover, these levels were higher than those recorded in women in the Siirt sample. In addition, women in the Istanbul sample preferred vaginal birth to cesarean section and had greater FOC, a finding which demonstrates that women prefer vaginal birth even though they have a higher FOC level and live in a city with high cesarean section rates. Where women live (rural versus urban areas) affects their perception of birth and consequently, their FOC levels.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest that further cross-cultural and regional research is needed for better understanding FOC and factors associated with elevated FOC levels within each cultural setting.

9. Evaluation of rhabdomyolysis patients who opted for emergency services
Serdar Ozdemir, Oktay Ocal, Gokhan Aksel
PMID: 29270575  PMCID: PMC5724921  doi: 10.14744/nci.2017.85619  Pages 257 - 261
INTRODUCTION: Rhabdomyolysis is a clinical and biochemical syndrome caused by skeletal muscle injury. Our aim was to contribute to the existing data on rhabdomyolysis in our country by evaluating the etiologic, demographic, and clinical features of rhabdomyolysis patients who applied to a tertiary hospital emergency department.
METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated the data of patients who applied to the tertiary hospital emergency department from January 2015 to January 2016. The study population comprised patients admitted to the emergency department of our hospital with creatinine kinase levels above 5000 U/L at admission. The data of all cases that were included in the study were scanned by the researchers using the hospital’s computer-based data recording system. Age, sex, creatine kinase levels, complaints, etiology, whether or not acute renal failure developed, hospitalization and discharge status, and clinic of hospitalization were screened for all patients.
RESULTS: The creatine kinase levels of the patients at admission ranged from 5052 to 59140 U/L [median 7882 U/L (IQR: 7840)]. The most frequent (23.5%) cause of admission was extremity pain. The most common reason (19.6%) in the etiology was exercise. Twenty-one patients (41.1%) were admitted to clinics, and 1 patient (1.9%) died. Acute renal failure was observed in 4 patients (8.8%).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Rhabdomyolysis is a clinical syndrome that can be life-threatening owing to muscle destruction. Although it is suspected after a traumatic injury, it should also be considered when other potential symptoms are observed. All clinicians should be aware of its common causes, diagnosis, and treatment options.

10. The management of acute appendicitis in liver transplant patients: How effective is the Alvarado score?
Volkan Ince, Bora Barut, Fatih Ozdemir, Veysel Ersan, Koray Kutluturk, Fatih Gonultas, Asim Onur, Burak Isik, Ramazan Kutlu, Sezai Yilmaz
PMID: 29270576  PMCID: PMC5724922  doi: 10.14744/nci.2017.24381  Pages 262 - 266
INTRODUCTION: The incidence of acute appendicitis after liver transplantation (LT) is extremely low, reported to be 0.09% to 0.49%, but the efficacy of the Alvarado score in this patient group has not been studied. This study was an investigation of the clinical management of patients who developed acute appendicitis after LT and the usefulness of the Alvarado score in the diagnosis.
METHODS: The study was performed using the data of 7 patients treated for acute appendicitis who were among 1990 patients who underwent LT between March 2002 and July 2017. The Alvarado score of the patients was calculated and reliability was analyzed.
RESULTS: In this study, the incidence of acute appendicitis in LT patients was 0.35%. All of the patients were in the adult age group; 86% were male. The mean age was 46.4±10.7 years and the timeframe for the development of appendicitis after transplantation was a median of 12 months (range: 4-101 months). The median Alvarado score was 7 (range: 5-9). All of the patients had an Alvarado score above 5 and 71% had a score of 7 or more.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Acute appendicitis is very rare in LT patients. As with non-transplant patients, Alvarado scoring can be safely performed in LT patients.

CASE REPORT
11. Hallucination: A rare complication of levetiracetam theraphy
Seher Erdogan, Mehmet Bosnak
PMID: 29270577  PMCID: PMC5724923  doi: 10.14744/nci.2016.44366  Pages 267 - 269
Levetiracetam is a new antiepileptic drug. In addition to epilepsy, it is also used for treating anxiety disorders and dystonia as well as tardive dyskinesia associated with the use of levodopa and neuroleptic drugs. Phenytoin therapy in a 10-year-old boy with convulsions was discontinued following cardiac rhythm impairment. The patient was then started on levetiracetam. However, visual and auditory hallucinations were observed on the 1st day of levetiracetam therapy. Levetiracetam was discontinued and replaced with sodium valproate, and the hallucinations resolved. The purpose of this report was to remind physicians that hallucinations are one of the rare complications of levetiracetam.

12. A case of a large Chiari network mimicking a right atrial thrombus
Sevinç Bayer Erdoğan, Serdar Akansel, Murat Sargın, Müge Evren Taşdemir Mete, Gökhan Arslanhan, Serap Aykut Aka
PMID: 29270578  PMCID: PMC5724924  doi: 10.14744/nci.2017.76094  Pages 270 - 272
The Chiari network is described as a reticulated network of fibers connected to the Eustachian valve identified as the embryological remnant of the right valve of the sinus venosus. It is an incidental finding without any significant pathophysiological consequences. However, the presence of the Chiari network in the right atrium obliges the physician to differentiate from other right atrial pathologies. We present a case of a large Chiari network mimicking a right atrial thrombus with incidental finding in a 76-year-old man undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery.

13. Early rehabilitation results in a child who developed herpes simplex encephalitis
Seyma Toy, Filiz Ozdemir, Fatma Kizilay, Yuksel Ersoy, Hakan Apaydin
PMID: 29270579  PMCID: PMC5724925  doi: 10.14744/nci.2016.24582  Pages 273 - 274
In this case, a 4-year-old girl was admitted to the emergency service with the complaints of a sudden onset of fever, shortness of breath, jerking motions of the hands and feet and a sliding mouth. Her condition deteriorated, and she was kept under observation in the intensive care unit for 6 days. The Glasgow Coma Score of the patient was 1. Lumbar puncture revealed a white blood cell count of 0 and cerebrospinal fluid was positive for herpes simplex virus 1 and 2. Antiviral therapy was administered for 14 days. One month earlier, the patient had experienced a herpes labialis infection, which suggested herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE). Cranial magnetic resonance imaging indicated significant bilateral cerebral ischemic changes, which also supported suspicion of HSE. After antiviral treatment, the patient was referred to the department of physical therapy and rehabilitation. The Functional Independence Measure for Children (WeeFIM) scale was used to evaluate the patient. A 30-session rehabilitation program based on the Bobath concept of neurodevelopmental therapy was implemented. Before the treatment, the WeeFIM score was 20 points, and at its conclusion, the score was 88 points. The patient began to walk without limitation and the choreoathetosis was almost completely corrected. The patient was discharged with medical treatment and a home-based exercise training program.

14. Gastric cancer with adenocarcinoma and yolk sac tumor components: A rare entity
Metin Yalaza, Mehmet Tolga Kafadar, Ahmet Turkan
PMID: 29270580  PMCID: PMC5724926  doi: 10.14744/nci.2017.60437  Pages 275 - 278
Despite a sharp worldwide decline in the incidence and mortality due to gastric cancer during the second half of the 20th century, gastric cancer remains the world’s second leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Variants of gastric cancer account for approximately 5% of all stomach carcinomas. Herein, we report on a rare case of combined germ cell tumor and adenocarcinoma that arose in the stomach of a 68-year-old woman with a high level of alpha-fetoprotein in the serum. Clinical and pathological findings are presented.

15. Dural prostate metastasis presenting as a subdural hematoma
Mehmet Resid Onen, Ali Erhan Kayalar, Ersin Haciyakupoğlu, İlkay Tosun, Gozde Kir, Sait Naderi
PMID: 5724927  PMCID: PMC5724927  doi: 10.14744/nci.2017.47354  Pages 279 - 282
The incidence of subdural hematoma is approximately 13.1/100.000 per year. Subdural hematoma due to skull and dura mater metastases is rare. In this study, a 71-year-old patient with prostate adenocarcinoma who presented with chronic subdural hematoma due to skull bone and dura mater metastasis is presented.

16. Using terlipressin in a pediatric patient with septic shock resistant to catecholamines
Seher Erdogan, Mehmet Bosnak
PMID: 29270582  PMCID: PMC5724928  doi: 10.14744/nci.2016.24085  Pages 283 - 287
Sepsis and septic shock are important causes of morbidity and mortality in critically ill children. The goal of treatment is to ensure adequate mean arterial pressure to maintain organ perfusion. The growing number of instances of peripheral vascular hyporeactivity to catecholamines has necessitated the search for alternative vasopressors. A 14-year-old boy had septic shock, with a high cardiac index and low systemic vascular resistance index (SVRI) measurements according to pulse contour analysis, despite treatment with dopamine, dobutamine, adrenaline, and noradrenaline infusions. A terlipressin (TP) 10 μg/kg intravenous bolus was administered, followed by a 1 μg/kg/minute continuous infusion. The response to TP treatment was assessed using pulse contour analysis. The mean arterial pressure and SVRI increased, and the cardiac index and heart rate decreased within 10 minutes after bolus administration of TP. Noradrenaline infusion could be reduced to 0.7 μg/kg/minute within 5 hours. The goal in presenting this case was to evaluate the vasoconstrictor effects of TP, a long-acting vasopressin analogue, in septic shock.

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