Bronchopulmonary dysplasia frequency and risk factors in very low birth weight infants: A 3-year retrospective study

OBJECTIVE: In this study, the relationship between the frequency of bronchopulmonary dysplasia, perinatal risk factors and other prematurity comorbidities were evaluated in very low birth weight infants.
METHODS: A total of 872 very low birth weight infants’ files were retrospectively reviewed. The effects of the clinical parameters, such as type of birth, small for gestational age, gender, antenatal steroids, early membrane rupture, chorioamnionitis, surfactant administration, respiratory distress syndrome, patent ductus arteriosus, apnea, early and late sepsis on the frequency of bronchopulmonary dysplasia, were evaluated by binary logistic regression analysis.
RESULTS: The overall mortality rate was 20.9%. After the first 28-day mortality reduction, the total bronchopulmonary dysplasia frequency was found to be 20.1%. The odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals of the factors affecting the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia were found to be as follows respectively: respiratory distress syndrome (OR 6.2, 95% CI 3.6–10.6, p<0.01), patent ductus arteriosus (OR 4.9, 95% Cl 2.4–9.9, p<0.01), apnea (OR 4.1, 95% CI 2.5–6.9, p<0.01), late sepsis (OR 2.7, 95% CI 1.6–4.5, p<0.01), early membrane rupture (OR 2.6, 95% Cl 1.2–5.5, p=0.01), and male gender (OR 1.6, 95% CI 1.0-2.7, p=0.04) was found. However, there was no effect of chorioamnionitis, antenatal steroids, small for gestational age, early sepsis and type of birth on bronchopulmonary dysplasia.
CONCLUSION: Differently from the usual factors which are low birth weight and a gestational week, there was a significant but non-linear risk relationship between respiratory distress syndrome, patent ductus arteriosus, late sepsis, apnea, early membrane rupture, male gender and bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

Çok Düþük Doðum Aðýrlýklý Bebeklerde Bronkopulmoner Displazi Sýklýðý ve Risk Faktörleri: 3 Yýllýk Retrospektif Çalýþma

Amaç: Bu çalýþmada çok düþük doðum aðýrlýklý prematüre bebeklerde bronkopulmoner displazi ile perinatal risk fatörleri ve diðer prematüre komorbiditeleri arasýndaki iliþki deðerlendirilmiþtir.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: Toplam 872 çok düþük doðum aðýrlýklý bebeðin dosyasý geriye dönük incelendi. Doðum þekli, gebelik haftasýna göre düþük doðum aðýrlýðý, cinsiyet, antenatal steroid, erken membran rüptürü, koriyoamniyonit, sürfaktan uygulamasý, respiratuar distres sendromu, patent duktus arteriyozus, apne, erken ve geç sepsis gibi klinik özelliklerin bronkopulmoner displaziye etkisi ikili lojistik regresyon analizi ile deðerlendirildi.
Bulgular: Toplam mortalite %20,9 bulundu. Ýlk 28 günlük mortalite düþüldükten sonra bronkopulmoner displazi %20,1 saptandý. Ýkili lojistik regresyon analizi sonucu bronkopulmoner displazi riskini arttýran perinatal faktörlerin olasýlýk katsayý ve %95 güven aralýklarý sýrasýyla; respiratuar distres sendromu (OR 6,2 %95CI 3,6-10,6 p <0,01), patent duktus arteriyozus (OR 4,9 %95CI 2,4-9,9 p <0,01), apne (OR 4,1 %95CI 2,5-6,9 p <0,01), geç sepsis (OR 2,7 %95CI 1,6-4,5 p <0,01), erken membran rüptürü (OR 2,6; %95CI 1,2-5,5 p 0,01), ve erkek cinsiyet (OR 1,6; %95CI 1,0-2,7 p 0,04) bulundu. Buna karþýn koriyoamniyonit, antenatal steroid, gebelik haftasýna göre düþük doðum aðýrlýðý, erken sepsis ve doðum þeklinin bronkopulmoner displazi riskini etkilemedikleri görüldü.
Sonuç: Bronkopulmoner displazi ile düþük doðum aðýrlýðý ve gebelik haftasý arasýnda var olan ters orantýlý doðrusal iliþkiden farklý olarak respiratuar distres sendromu, patent duktus arteriyozus, geç sepsis, apne, erken membran rüptürü ve erkek cinsiyet arasýnda anlamlý ancak doðrusal olmayan bir iliþki vardýr. (NCI-2019-0130.R2)