The evaluation of patients with optic disc edema: A retrospective study

OBJECTIVE: Optic disc edema is among major problems that neuro-ophthalmology clinics encounter. We intended to analyze patients with optic disc edema in this article.
METHODS: Data related to the main complaint, associated systemic disease, visual acuity, characteristics of optic disc swelling, other ocular findings, topical or systemic drugs, treatment methods, follow-up examination, and related data of the patients were obtained retrospectively.
RESULTS: There were 77 female and 23 male patients in the study. Optic disc edema was detected bilaterally in 65 patients, unilaterally in 35 patients. The duration of the symptoms until the first application was 19.82±17.18 (0–90) days. There were no systemic disorders in 74 patients but diabetes mellitus in 11 patients, hypertension in four patients, coronary artery disease in three patients, urticaria in two patients, lymphoma in one, multiple sclerosis in one patient, mastoiditis in one patient, scleroderma in one, and pregnancy in two patients were detected. While 93 patients had no additional ocular findings, 2 had uveitis, 1 had corneal dystrophy, 1 had keratoconus, 1 had cataract, 1 had previous cataract surgery, and 1 had peripheral retinal degenerations. The major etiology of the optic disc edema was idiopathic intracranial hypertension, which was detected in 44 patients. In all these patients, bilateral optic disc edema was observed and 43 patients were given oral acetazolamide and one patient oral topiramate.
CONCLUSION: The presence of optic nerve edema should be absolutely evaluated in patients presenting with symptoms of vision loss and increased intracranial pressure. The early diagnosis with fundoscopic examination may increase visual acuity in these patients.

Optik disk ödemi olan hastalarýn deðerlendirilmesi: retrospektif bir çalýþma

AMAÇ: Optik disk ödemi, nöroftalmoloji kliniklerinin karþýlaþtýðý önemli problemlerdendir. Bu makalede optik disk ödemi olan hastalarý analiz etmeyi amaçladýk.
GEREÇ VE YÖNTEM: Hastalarýn, ana þikayetleri, iliþkili sistemik hastalýklarý, görme keskinlikleri, optik disk ödeminin özellikleri, diðer oküler bulgularý, topikal veya sistemik ilaçlarý, tedavi yöntemleri, takip muayeneleri ilgili verileri retrospektif olarak incelendi.
BULGULAR: Çalýþmada 77 kadýn, 23 erkek hasta vardý. Optik disk ödemi 65 hastada iki taraflý, 35 hastada tek taraflý olarak tespit edildi. Ýlk baþvuruya kadar semptomlarýn süresi 19,82±17,18 (0-90) gündü. 74 hastada sistemik bozukluk yoktu ancak 11 hastada diyabetes mellitus, 4 hastada hipertansiyon, 3 hastada koroner arter hastalýðý, 2 hastada ürtiker, 1 hastada lenfoma, 1 hastada multipl skleroz, 1 hastada mastoidit, 1 hastada skleroderma ve 2 hastada gebelik saptandý. Hastalarýn 93'ünde ek oküler bulgu saptanmadý, 2'sinde üveit, 1'inde korneal distrofi, 1'inde keratokonus, 1'inde katarakt, 1'inde geçirilmiþ katarakt ameliyatý ve 1'inde periferik retinal dejenerasyon vardý.
Optik disk ödeminin ana etiyolojisi 44 hastada saptanan idiyopatik intrakraniyal hipertansiyon olarak tespit edildi. Tüm bu hastalarda bilateral optik disk ödemi gözlendi ve 43 hastaya oral asetazolomid ve 1 hastaya oral topiramat verildi.
SONUÇLAR: Görme kaybý ve artmýþ kafa içi basýnç semptomlarý ile baþvuran hastalarda optik sinir ödemi varlýðý mutlaka deðerlendirilmelidir. Fundoskopik muayene ile erken taný bu hastalarda görme keskinliðini artýrabilir. (NCI-2019-0343.R3)