Amaç: COVID-19 (Corona Virüs Hastalýðý 2019) tromboz, fibrinoliz, inflamasyon gibi süreçlerle ilerleyerek ciddi hastalýk ve ölümlere neden olabilen multisistemik bir hastalýktýr. Plazminojen aktivatör inhibitörü-1 (PAI-1), fibrinolizin düzenlenmesinde önemli bir role sahiptir ve trombotik olaylarýn geliþmesine neden olabilir. Bu çalýþmanýn amacý, COVID-19 nedeniyle hastaneye yatýrýlan hastalarda PAI-1 düzeyleri ile hastalýk þiddeti ve mortalite arasýndaki iliþkiyi ortaya koymaktýr.
Yöntemler: Bu tek merkezli çalýþmaya RT-PCR ile COVID-19 tanýsý konan ve toraks BT'si çekilmiþ 71 yatan hasta ve kontrol için 20 saðlýklý birey dahil edildi. PAI-1 hastane baþvurusu sýrasýnda toplandý ve her hasta için BT þiddet skoru hesaplandý.
Bulgular: Öncelikle kiþiler kontrol (n=20), sað kalan (n=47) ve sað kalmayan (n=24) olarak gruplandýrýldý. Yaþ ortalamasý, sað kalmayan grupta (75.3 ± 13.8), sað kalan gruba (61.7 ± 16.9) ve kontrol grubuna (59.5 ± 11.2) göre daha yüksekti. PAI-1 seviyeleri, gruplar arasýnda karþýlaþtýrýldýðýnda, sað kalmayan grupta sað kalanlara göre, sað kalan grupta kontrol grubuna göre daha yüksekti, (p<0.001). Lojistik regresyon analizinde yaþ, PAI-1 ve hastalýk ciddiyeti COVID-19 mortalitesinin baðýmsýz öngörücüleri olarak bulundu. PAI-1 seviyeleri >10.2 ng/ml, COVID-19 iliþkili mortaliteyi öngörmede % 83 duyarlýlýða ve % 83 özgüllüðe sahipti. Daha sonra hastalar hastalýðýn þiddetine göre ciddi olan (n=33) ve ciddi olmayan (n=38) olarak gruplandýrýldý. Ciddi hastalýðý olan grupta da PAI-1 düzeyleri daha yüksekti, (p<0.001). Regresyon analizinde hs-TnI ve PAI-1'in hastalýðýn ciddiyetini öngördüðü bulundu. Hesaplanan bilgisayarlý tomografi ciddiyet skorunun (BT-CS), sað kalan grupta sað kalmayan gruba göre anlamlý olarak daha yüksek olduðu tespit edildi, (p <0.001). Ek olarak, ciddi hastalýðý olmayan ve ciddi hastalýðý olan gruplar karþýlaþtýrýldýðýnda, BT-CS, ciddi hastalýðý olanlarda anlamlý derecede daha yüksekti, (p<0.001). Ayrýca, BT-CS ve PAI-1 seviyeleri arasýnda pozitif yönde güçlü bir korelasyon bulundu, (r: 0.838, p<0.001).
Sonuç: COVID-19 ile ilgili olarak kötü klinik sonuçlarýn tahmin edilmesi çok önemlidir. Bu çalýþma, PAI-1 düzeylerinin COVID-19'lu hastalar için hastalýk ciddiyetini ve ölüm oranlarýný baðýmsýz olarak öngördürebileceðini göstermektedir. (NCI-2022-9-11/R1)

OBJECTIVE: Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) is a multisystemic disease that can cause severe illness and mortality by exacerbating symptoms such as thrombosis, fibrinolysis, and inflammation. Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) plays an important role in regulating fibrinolysis and may cause thrombotic events to develop. The goal of this study is to examine the relationship between PAI-1 levels and disease severity and mortality in relation to COVID-19.
METHODS: A total of 71 hospitalized patients were diagnosed with COVID-19 using real time-polymerase chain reaction tests. Each patient underwent chest computerized tomography (CT). Data from an additional 20 volunteers without COVID-19 were included in this single-center study. Each patient’s PAI-1 data were collected at admission, and the CT severity score (CT-SS) was then calculated for each patient.
RESULTS: The patients were categorized into the control group (n=20), the survivor group (n=47), and the non-survivor group (n=24). In the non-survivor group, the mean age was 75.3±13.8, which is higher than in the survivor group (61.7±16.9) and in the control group (59.5±11.2), (p=0.001). When the PAI-1 levels were compared between each group, the non-survivor group showed the highest levels, followed by the survivor group and then the control group (p<0.001). Logistic regression analysis revealed that age, PAI-1, and disease severity independently predicted COVID-19 mortality rates. In this study, it was observed that PAI-1 levels with >10.2 ng/mL had 83% sensitivity and an 83% specificity rate when used to predict mortality after COVID-19. Then, patients were divided into severe (n=33) and non-severe (n=38) groups according to
disease severity levels. The PAI-1 levels found were higher in the severe group (p<0.001) than in the non-severe group. In the regression analysis that followed, high sensitive troponin I and PAI-1 were found to indicate disease severity levels. The CT-SS was estimated as significantly higher in the non-survivor group compared to the survivor group (p<0.001). When comparing CT-SS between the severe group and the non-severe group, this was significantly higher in the severe group (p<0.001). In addition, a strong statistically significant positive correlation was found between CT-SS and PAI-1 levels (r: 0.838, p<0.001).
CONCLUSION: Anticipating poor clinical outcomes in relation to COVID-19 is crucial. This study showed that PAI-1 levels could independently predict disease severity and mortality rates for patients with COVID-19.

Amaç: Bu çalýþmanýn amacý mSaðlýk (Mobil Saðlýk) teknolojileri ile uzaktan izlenen Tip 2 Diyabet (T2DM) hastalarýnýn pandemi sürecinde tedaviye uyum ve metabolik hedefleri yakalama düzeylerini belirlemektir.
Yöntem: Çalýþmaya toplamda 86 hasta dahil edildi. Türkiye’deki ilk Covid-19 vakasýnýn tespit edildiði 11.03.2020 tarihinden bir ay öncesi baþlangýç alýnarak 10.02.2020-31.03.2020 tarihleri arasý ile pandeminin en þiddetli olduðu 01.04.2020- 31.05.2020 tarihleri arasý olarak iki ayrý zaman dilimindeki hastalarýn verileri kullanýldý. Bu hastalarýn ortalama kan glukozu, adým sayýsý, kan basýnçlarý, vücut aðýrlýklarý ve diyete uyum düzeyleri deðerlendirildi.
Bulgular: Katýlýmcýlarýn mSaðlýk sistemi ile uzaktan takip edilme sonuçlarý deðerlendirildi. Pandemi öncesi ve pandeminin belirlenen üç ayý ayrý ayrý kýyaslandýðýnda kan þekeri, kan basýncý ve aðýrlýk takiplerinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlý fark gözlemlenmedi. Ancak, adým sayýsý pandemi öncesi döneme göre pandemik aylarda anlamlý derecede azalmýþ tespit edildi (p<0.05). Katýlýmcýlarýn %88’inin hastane baþvurusu yapmadan saðlýk hizmetlerine ulaþabildiði tespit edildi.
Sonuç: Bu çalýþmada mSaðlýk hizmetleri ile izlenen T2DM hastalarýnda pandemi süresi boyunca gerekli metabolik kontrollerinin ve tedavi uyumunun uzaktan saðlanabileceði gösterilmiþtir. (NCI-2022-4-6)

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to determine the level of compliance with treatment and achieving metabolic goals in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients who are remotely monitored with mobile health (mHealth) technologies during the pandemic.
METHODS: A total number of 86 patients were included in the study. Data from two periods were used: from 1 month before the date when the first COVID-19 case in Turkiye was reported on March 11, 2020 (Febraury 10, 2020–March 31, 2020) and from the pandemic was severe between April 01, 2020 and May 31, 2020. Participants’ mean blood glucose, step count, blood pressure, body weight, and diet compliance levels were evaluated.
RESULTS: When the blood sugar, blood pressure, and weight averages of the patients were compared between the prepandemic period and the pandemic months separately, no significant difference was observed. However, it was observed that the number of steps decreased significantly compared to the period before the pandemic (p<0.05). It was determined that 88% of the participants were able to access health services without applying to the hospital.
CONCLUSION: In this study, we showed that patients with T2DM who were followed up with mHealth technologies provided the necessary metabolic control and compliance with the treatment during the pandemic.

Giriþ: Akut koroner sendrom (AKS) tüm dünyada en önde gelen mortalite sebeplerindendir. AKS temelinde aterosklerotik süreç vardýr ve koagülatif süreç aterosklerotik plaðýn yýrtýlmasý sonucu aktive olur. Fibrinopeptit A (FPA) trombüs oluþumunda aktif rol alýr ve koagülatif sürecin tetikleyicisidir. Biz bu çalýþmamýzda AKS hastalarýnda serum FPA seviyesini araþtýrmayý amaçladýk.
Yöntem: Çalýþmamýza AKS ve kontrol grubu olarak týkayýcý koroner arter hastalýðý olmayan kronik koroner sendrom (KKS) tanýlarý konan hastalar dahil edildi. Kan numuneleri ve demografik özellikleri hastaneye baþvuru esnasýnda elde edildi. Elde edilen veriler AKS ve kontrol gruplarý arasýnda karþýlaþtýrýldý.
Bulgular: Çalýþmamýz AKS tanýsý alan 107 hasta ve kontrol grubu olarak 69 katýlýmcýdan oluþtu. AKS grubu daha yaþlýydý (p<0.001), erkek cinsiyet hakimiyeti vardý (p<0.001), daha fazla hipertansiyon oranýna sahipti (p<0.001) ve sigara içme oraný daha fazlaydý (p<0.001). Serum FPA seviyesi ST eleve myokard infarktüsü (STEMI) grubunda daha fazla idi (p<0.001). FPA>3.38 ng/mL deðeri 89.7% sensitivite ve 78% spesifite ile AKS yi tahmin etti (AUC: 0.825, 95% CI 0.745-0.905; P <0.001).
Sonuç: Serum FPA seviyesi AKS ayýrýcý tanýsýnda kullanýlabilir. Ayrýca FPA seviyesi yüksek olan hastalarda daha agresif antitrombotik tedavi planlanabilir. (NCI-2021-4-23/R1)

OBJECTIVE: Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is one of the leading causes of mortality, globally. Atherosclerosis is an underlying factor in ACS process and coagulative cascade is activated secondary to atherosclerotic plaque rupture. Fibrinopeptide A (FPA) takes an active role in thrombus formation and is an indicator of coagulative process. We aimed to evaluate serum FPA level in patients with ACS.
METHODS: Patients diagnosed with ACS and chronic coronary syndrome (CCS), with non-obstructive coronary artery disease as a control group, were included in the study. Blood samples and demographic data of all patients were obtained at admission. Obtained data were compared between ACS and control groups.
RESULTS: The study consisted of 107 patients with ACS and 69 patients with CCS. ACS group was older (p<0.001) with male preponderance (p<0.001), more likely to had hypertension (p<0.001), and had a higher smoking rate (p<0.001). Serum FPA level was highest in the ST elevated myocardial infarction group (p<0.001). FPA>3.38 ng/mL predicted ACS with 89.7% sensitivity and 78% specificity (AUC: 0.825, 95% CI 0.745–0.905; p<0.001).
CONCLUSION: Serum FPA may be used for the differential diagnosis of ACS. In addition, patients with increased FPA may be considered to be given more aggressive antithrombotic medication.

Amaç: Bazý çalýþmalarda sistemik immün inflamasyon indeksi (SII) ve nötrofil/lenfosit oranýnýn (NLR) mide kanseri olgularýnda prognoz hakkýnda prediktif veri saðladýðý rapor edilmiþtir. Bu çalýþmada mide kanserinde SII ve NLR’nin tanýsal ve prognostik deðerlerinin irdelenmesi amaçlanmýþtýr.
Yöntem: Çalýþmaya Ocak 2012 ile Nisan 2018 arasýnda hastanemiz Genel Cerrahi bölümünde mide kanseri tanýsýyla opere edilerek izlemi yapýlan 152 hasta ve 152 saðlýklý kontrol dahil edildi.
Bulgular: Mide kanseri hastalarýnda ortalama SII (989±685) ve ortalama NLR (3,9±5,2) saðlýklý kontrol grubuna (sýrasýyla 433±203 ve 1,9±0,8) göre anlamlý yüksek bulundu (her ikisi için p<0,001). ROC analizlerinde SII için 892 olan eþik deðerin 5 yýllýk saðkalýmý öngörme duyarlýlýðýnýn %66,7; özgüllüðünün %62,7 olduðu (AUC: 0,637; p=0,076; LB: 0,475; UB: 0,799; CI 95%),
SII 892’nin üstünde olanlarda 5 yýllýk saðkalým oraný SII 892 ve altýnda olanlara göre anlamlý yüksek bulundu (p=0,026). SII 892 üzerinde olanlarda 5 yýllýk mortalite riski 0,67 kat daha düþüktü (p=0,111; 95%CI 0,4-1,1).
Sonuç: Çalýþmamýz SII ve NLR’nin mide kanseri prognozunda güvenilir veri saðlamaktan uzak olduðunu göstermektedir. (NCI-2021-4-33/R1)

OBJECTIVE: Some studies have reported that the systemic immune inflammatory index (SII) and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) provide predictive data on prognosis in gastric cancer patients. In the present study, it was aimed to examine the diagnostic and prognostic values of SII and NLR in gastric cancer.
METHODS: A total of 152 patients, operated with the diagnosis of gastric cancer and followed up in the General Surgery Department of our hospital between January 2012 and April 2018, and 152 healthy controls were included in the study.
RESULTS: The mean SII (989±685) and the mean NLR (3.9±5.2) were significantly higher in gastric cancer patients than the healthy control group (433±203 and 1.9±0.8, respectively) (p<0.001 for both). In the receiver operating characteristic analyzes, a threshold value of 892 for SII had a sensitivity of 66.7% and a specificity of 62.7% in terms of predicting 5-year survival (AUC: 0.637; p=0.076; LB: 0.475; UB: 0.799; CI 95%). The 5-year survival rate was found to be significantly higher in those with a SII of above 892 than those with a SII of 892 and below (p=0.026). The 5-year mortality risk was 0.67-fold lower in those with SII above 892 (p=0.111; 95% CI 0.4–1.1).
CONCLUSION: The present study findings show that SII and NLR are far from providing reliable data on gastric cancer prognosis.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the research was to assess the performance of the method of prevention of post-operative peritoneal adhesions (PAs) (author’s method) in patients of different age groups.
METHODS: Two hundred eighty-five patients were in total enrolled in the study. The patients of two age groups were divided into two groups: Group 1 (treatment group), where the author’s method was used on 143 patients, and Group 2 (control group) 142 patients, where was used the standard approach of prevention of intra-abdominal adhesions. All patients were operated in an urgent order on adhesive intestinal obstruction (AIO). The patients previously had surgery on AIO one to 3 times. Within each group, sick children and adults were identified. The gender distribution was comparable in both groups.
RESULTS: The recurrence of AIO was significantly less in Group 1 than in Group 2 (1.4% and 6.3%, respectively, p<0.05). A separate study of the results of treatment in the age aspect in groups showed some features. Among children the AIO relapse rate in study Groups 1 and 2: Early AIO-in 1 (0.86%) and 2 (1.8%) patients, respectively; late AIO-in 1 (0.86%) and 4 (3.5%), patients, respectively. Among adults who didn’t have relapse AIO during the follow-up period in Group 1. The AIO relapse rate in Group 2: Early AIO – in 1 (3.5%) and late AIO-2 (6.9%) patients, respectively.
CONCLUSION: The proposed author’s method for preventing AIO recurrence has shown its effectiveness among patients with adhesive AIO. Besides, using this method in children to reduce the AIO relapse rate by more than thrice; in adult patients, to prevent the development of clinically significant signs of PA and normalize the patient’s quality of life. (NCI-2022-4-10)

Hedef. Bu çalýþma, hematolojik indekslerin, nötrofil-lenfosit oranýnýn (NLR), trombosit-lenfosit oranýnýn (PLR) ve ortalama trombosit hacminin (MPV) prediktif deðerini aydýnlatmak ve kadýnlarda ölü doðumla ilgili plasenta dekolmanýn klinik sonucunu belirlemek için yapýlmýþtýr.
Yöntem. Bu retrospektif çalýþma ölü doðum yapan ve yapmayan, plasenta dekolmaný olan 89 gebe kadýn dahil edilerek, anne, fetüs ve yenidoðan bakýmý için deneyimli bir üçüncül merkezde gerçekleþtirildi. Hem baþvuruda hem de postoperatif dördüncü saatte rutin olarak elde edilen parametreler olan NLR, PLR ve MPV'den oluþan hematolojik indeksleri içeren hemogram test sonuçlarý ve diðer klinik parametrelerin iliþkileri incelendi.
Bulgular. Bulgular, ölü doðum olan veya olmayan, plasenta dekolmaný olan kadýnlarýn bazý klinik özelliklerinde kayda deðer deðiþiklikler olmasýna raðmen, genel olarak, çalýþma gruplarýnýn bu deðiþkenler açýsýndan karþýlaþtýrýlabilir bulunduðunu gösterdi. Ölü doðumu olan kadýnlarda NLR, PLR ve MPV deðerleri, hemogram testleri preoperatif ve postoperatif laboratuvar incelemeleri olarak kullanýldýðýnda dikkate deðer deðiþiklikler gösterdi, ancak bu deðiþiklikler birbirleriyle anlamlý bir þekilde iliþkili deðildi.
Sonuç. Ölü doðum, hýzlý taný ve cerrahi tedavisinden sonra düzenli takip gerektiren plasenta dekolmanýn en önemli komplikasyonlarýndan biridir. Ölü doðum olan kadýnlarda plasenta dekolmanýnýn acil yönetimini düzenlemek için, hastalarýn ilk baþvurusunda ve takibi sýrasýnda hesaplanan NLR, PLR ve MPV indeksleri, diðer hematolojik parametreler gibi kolayca elde edilebilen laboratuvar bulgularý olarak klinik deðere sahiptir. (NCI-2022-5-1/R1)

OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to elucidate the predictive value of hematological indices, the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and mean platelet volume (MPV), to determine the clinical outcome of placental abruption in women regarding stillbirth.
METHODS: This retrospective review of medical charts was performed in a tertiary center experienced for maternal, fetal, and neonatal care, including 89 pregnant women with placental abruption with or without stillbirth. The results of the hemogram tests with hematological indices, including the NLR, PLR, and MPV, which are the routinely obtained parameters both at admission and 4 h postoperatively, were correlated with other clinical parameters.
RESULTS: The findings showed that although there were remarkable changes in some of the clinical features of women with placental abruption with or without stillbirth, in general, the study groups were found comparable regarding these variables. The values of NLR, PLR, and MPV in women with stillbirth presented remarkable changes when hemogram tests were used as pre-operative and post-operative laboratory examinations, although these changes did not correlate with each other meaningfully.
CONCLUSION: Stillbirth is one of the most important complications of placental abruption requiring rapid diagnosis and regular follow-up after its surgical management. To fine-tune emergent management of placental abruption in women with stillbirth, the indices of NLR, PLR, and MPV calculated at the first admission as well as during follow-up of the patients have clinical value as easily obtainable laboratory findings like other hematological parameters.

Giriþ: Tedavi edilmemiþ aþikar hipotiroidi’nin puberte üzerindeki etkisi bilinmektedir. Ancak subklinik hipotiroidi (SH)’nin over boyutu üzerindeki etkisi ile ilgili veriler kýsýtlýdýr. Bu nedenle bu çalýþmada, SH’li prepubertal kýz çocuklarýnda serum TSH düzeyi ile over boyutu arasýndaki iliþki araþtýrýlmak istendi. Yöntem: Çalýþmaya 6-10 yaþ aralýðýnda, henüz pubertesi baþlamamýþ (prepubertal) SH tanýsý ile takipli 35 olgu ve tiroid fonksiyon testleri normal 50 olgu alýndý. Bulgular: SH’li grubun yaþ ortalamasý 7,6±1,0 idi, kontrol grubunun yaþ ortalamasý 7,7±1,2 idi ( p=0,926). İki grubun antropometrik (boy-SDS, kilo-SDS, vücut kitle indeksi (VKİ), VKÝ-SDS) bulgularý benzerdi (p>0,05). SH grubunun TSH ve LH düzeyi kontrol grubundan anlamlý derecede yüksek iken (p<0,05), sT4, FSH ve E2 düzeyleri açýsýndan iki grup arasýnda anlamlý fark saptanmadý (p>0,05). Uterus ve over boyutlarý açýsýndan gruplar karþýlaþtýrýldýðýnda, uterus boyutu iki grup arasýnda benzer iken, sað ve sol over boyutu SH’li grupta istatistiksel olarak anlamlý derecede daha yüksek saptandý (p<0,05). Sonuç: Bu çalýþmada, SH’li hastalarýn over boyutlarý normal tiroid fonksiyonu olan kontrollerle karþýlaþtýrýldýðýnda anlamlý derecede daha büyük bulundu. Bu durum tedavi edilmemiþ aþikar hipotiroidi’de vaka düzeyinde tanýmlanmýþ olmasýna raðmen SH’li hastalarda ilk kez gösterilmiþtir. Bu çalýþma ile SH’li hastalarýn puberte takibinin düzenli aralýklarla yapýlmasýnýn önemi ortaya çýkmýþtýr. (NCI-2021-4-26/R1)

OBJECTIVE: Enlargement and cystic changes in ovaries of patients with long-standing overt hypothyroidism have been described in numerous case reports. However, there are limited data about the effect of subclinical hypothyroidism (SH) on ovarian volume. The aim of the study is to evaluate the relationship between serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) level and ovarian volume in prepubertal girls with SH.
METHODS: Patients who were aged between 6 and 10 years and diagnosed with SH and age-matched healthy euthyroid controls were enrolled in the study. All subjects were prepubertal.
RESULTS: Thirty-five children with SH (mean age; 7.6±1.0 years) and 50 euthyroid healthy girls (mean age; 7.7±1.2 years) were enrolled in the study. TSH and LH levels and both ovarian volumes were significantly higher in SH group than controls (p<0.05). In addition, TSH was positively correlated with ovarian volumes and LH in patients with SH (p<0.05).
CONCLUSION: The results of this study showed that ovarian volumes of prepubertal girls with SH were significantly greater than those with normal thyroid function. Although ovarian enlargement and cyst formation is well recognized in long-standing overt hypothyroidism, it has been shown for the 1st time in patients with SH.

GÝRÝÞ: Bu çalýþma, kemoterapötik ilaç maruziyeti olan hemþirelerde ve iyonizan radyasyona maruz kalan radyoloji ünitesi çalýþanlarýnda oksidan ve antioksidan durumlarýný ortaya çýkarmayý amaçlamaktadýr.
YÖNTEM: Çalýþmaya 19 radyoloji birimi çalýþaný, 14 hemþire ve 15 kontrol dahil edildi. Antioksidan, vitamin takviyesi, sigara içen, herhangi bir tedavi edici ilaç kullanan ve 12 ay içinde terapötik veya tanýsal röntgen veya kemoterapötik ilaç kullanan tüm katýlýmcýlar çalýþma dýþý býrakýldý. Toplam ve doðal tiyoller, disülfit / doðal tiyol yüzde oranlarý (SS / SH), disülfit / toplam tiyol yüzde oranlarý, disülfit miktarlarý ve doðal tiyol / toplam tiyol yüzde oranlarý, iskemi modifiye albumin (ÝMA) belirlendi.
BULGULAR: Hem radyoloji birimi çalýþanlarýnýn hem de hemþirelerin serum örneklerinde disülfid düzeyleri, disülfid / toplam tiyol oraný ve disülfid / doðal tiyol oraný kontrol grubuna göre anlamlý olarak yüksek ve doðal tiyol / toplam tiyol oraný düþüktü. Radyoloji birimi çalýþanlarýnda radyasyon dozu ortalama ± SS: 0,02 ± 0,009, medyan (min-maks): 0,02 (0,001-0,04) idi. Tiyol-disülfid homeostazý bozulmuþ ve denge, düþük doz iyonlaþtýrýcý radyasyona maruz kalma ve normal aralýkta bile oksidan hasarý yönünde kaymýþtýr.
SONUÇ: Bildiðimiz kadarýyla, mevcut bulgular ilk olarak mesleki olarak antineoplastik ilaçlara ve radyasyona maruz kalan deneklerde yýllýk radyasyon maruziyet doz ölçümleri normal olsa bile belirgin kronik oksidatif stres olduðunu göstermektedir. (NCI-2021-3-50/R1)

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to reveal the oxidant and antioxidant status in nurses with chemotheropathic drug exposure and radiology unit workers exposed to ionizing radiation (IR).
METHODS: Nineteen radiology unit workers, 14 nurses, and 15 controls were included the study. All of the participants using antioxidants, vitamin supplements, smokers, any therapeutic drugs, and exposed therapeutic or diagnostic X-ray or chemotherapeutic drugs in 12 months were excluded from the study. Total and native thiols, disulfide/native thiol percent ratios (SS/SH), disulfide/total thiol percent ratios, disulfide amounts, and native thiol/total thiol percent ratios, ischemia-modified albumin (IMA) were determined.
RESULTS: Disulfide levels, disulfide/total thiol ratio, and disulfide/native thiol ratio of serum samples of both radiology unit workers and nurses were significantly higher and ratio of native thiol/total thiol was lower than the control group. The radiation dose in radiology unit workers was mean±SD: 0.02±0.009, median (min–max): 0.02 (0.001–0.04). Thiol-disulfide homeostasis was disturbed and the balance shifted in the direction of oxidant damage, even at low-dose IR exposure and normal range.
CONCLUSION: As far as we know, the current findings first demonstrate an apparent chronic oxidative stress in the subjects who were occupationally exposed to antineoplastic drugs and radiation even if annual radiation exposure dose measurements are normal.

Amaç: Pediatrik psoriasis (Pso) ile iliþkili kas-iskelet sistemi bulgularýný belirlemek ve Pso'lu çocuklarda ve saðlýklý kontrollerde Aþil tendon kalýnlýðýný deðerlendirmek.
Yöntemler: Dermatoloji polikliniðinde takip edilen Pso hastalarý ve çocuk polikliniðine baþvuran saðlýklý çocuklar önceden hazýrlanmýþ standart formlar kullanýlarak kas-iskelet sistemi bulgularý açýsýndan çocuk romatoloji polikliniðinde deðerlendirildi. Hem hastalara hem de kontrol grubuna Aþil tendon kalýnlýðý için ultrasonografik deðerlendirme yapýldý
Bulgular: Çalýþmaya toplam 55 pediatrik Pso ve 46 saðlýklý çocuk dahil edildi. Pso hastalarýnýn %56,4'ünde artralji, % 25,5'inde bel aðrýsý, % 18, 2'sinde topuk aðrýsý, % 12,7'sinde kalça aðrýsý ve % 10,9'unda sabah tutukluðu vardý. Hastalarýn %7,3'ünde artrit,% 12,7'sinde sakroiliak hassasiyet ve % 9,1'inde entezit saptandý. Artralji, bel aðrýsý ve topuk aðrýsý Pso grubunda saðlýklý çocuklara göre anlamlý derecede sýk gözlenirken Pso hastalarýnýn medyan sol ve sað Aþil tendon kalýnlýklarý saðlýklý kontrollere göre anlamlý derecede daha fazlaydý. Pso hastalarýnda psoriatik artrit (PsA) prevalansý % 7,3 olarak saptandý.
Sonuç: Pso'lu bir çocuðun kas-iskelet sistemi þikayetleri için düzenli olarak deðerlendirilmesi, PsA'nýn erken tanýnmasý için kritiktir. Ultrasonografi, entezopatinin erken tespiti için Pso hastalarýný taramak için yararlý bir tekniktir. (NCI-2021-2-37/R1)

OBJECTIVE: The objectives of this study were to determine the musculoskeletal (MSK) conditions associated with pediatric psoriasis (Pso) and to evaluate the thickness of Achilles tendon of children with Pso and healthy controls (HCs).
METHODS: Pso patients who were followed-up in dermatology outpatient clinic were referred to a pediatric rheumatology center. All patients and healthy peers were evaluated with standardized forms. Both patients and controls underwent ultrasonographic evaluation for Achilles tendon thickness.
RESULTS: A total of 55 pediatric Pso and 46 healthy children were included in the study. Of patients with Pso 56.4% had arthralgia, 25.5% had lower back pain, 18.2% had heel pain, 12.7% had hip pain, and 10.9% described morning stiffness. Arthritis was detected in 7.3%, sacroiliac tenderness in 12.7%, and enthesitis in 9.1% of the patients. Arthralgia, lower back pain, and heel pain were significantly frequent in Pso group than healthy children median left and right Achilles tendon thicknesses of Pso patients who were significantly greater than that of HCs prevalence of psoriatic arthritis (PsA) among Pso patients was 7.3%.
CONCLUSION: Evaluation of a child with Pso regularly for the MSK complaints is critical for the early recognition of PsA. Ultrasonography is a useful technique for screening Pso patients for early detection of enthesopaty.

Amaç: HLA-B aleli, edinilmiþ baðýþýklýk eksikliði sendromu (AIDS) ve HIV progresyonu riskinin artmasýyla iliþkilidir; ancak, daðýlýmlarý farklý ýrk/etnik gruplar arasýnda farklýlýk gösterir. AIDS tedavisinde kullanýlan abakavir, HLA-B*57: 01'li hastalarda aþýrý duyarlýlýk reaksiyonlarý riskini önemli ölçüde artýrýr. Bu çalýþmanýn amacý, Türkiye'de HIV'li hastalarda Abacavir sensitivitesiyle iliþkili olan HLA-B*57: 01'in yaný sýra diðer HLA-B alt gruplarýnýn (yüksek ve düþük çözünürlüklü) daðýlýmýný belirlemektir.
Yöntem: Çalýþmamýza 416 (K/E: 111/305) HIV pozitif hasta ve 416 (K/E: 111/305) saðlýklý control dahil edildi. HLA-B alelleri, Luminex tabanlý düþük çözünürlüklü yöntem kullanýlarak tanýmlandý ve ayrýca yüksek çözünürlüklü tipleme (SBT) ile alt gruplara ayrýldý.
Bulgular: HIV-1 enfeksiyonu olan hastalarda HLA-B*15, *35 ve *51 alel frekanslarý kontrollere göre daha yüksek, HLA-B*07, *14 ve *55 alel frekanslarý ise daha düþüktü. HLA-B*15: 01, *35: 01, *35: 08 ve *51: 01 allel sýklýklarýnýn HIV-1 enfeksiyonu olan hastalarda daha yüksekken, HLAB*07: 02, *14: 01, *44: 01 and *55: 01 ise kontrollerde yüksek bulunmuþtur. Abacavir aþýrý duyarlýlýðýnda önemli olan HLA-B*57: 01 allel pozitifliði hastalarda kontrollere göre daha düþüktü ve bu fark istatistiksel olarak anlamlý deðildi.
Sonuç: HLA-B*07, *14, *55 allelleri ve HLA-B*07: 02, *14: 01, *44: 01 ve *55: 01 alt gruplarýnýn koruyucu etkiye sahip olabileceðini, HLA- B*15, *35, *51 allelleri ile HLA-B*15: 01, *35: 01, *35: 08 ve *51: 01 alt gruplarýnýn ise HIV-1 enfeksiyonuna karþý duyarlýlýkta rol oynayabileceðini göstermiþtir. (NCI-2021-6-12/R1)

OBJECTIVE: Many human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B alleles are associated with an increased risk of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) progression; however, their distribution varies among different racial/ethnic groups. Abacavir used in the treatment of AIDS significantly increases the risk of hypersensitivity reactions in patients with HLA-B*57: 01. The aim of this study was to determine the distribution of HIV-associated HLA-B subgroups (high and low resolution) and HLA-B*57: 01 associated with Abacavir sensitivity in Turkey.
METHODS: This retrospective case-control study consisted of 416 (F/M: 111/305) HIV positive patients and 416 (F/M: 111/305) healthy controls. HLA-B alleles were identified using Luminex based low-resolution method and further subgrouped by sequence-based high-resolution typing.
RESULTS: Our data showed that in patients with HIV-1 infection, HLA-B*15, *35, and *51 allele frequencies were higher, while the HLA-B*07, *14 and *55 allele frequencies were lower as compared to the controls. It was determined that HLA-B*15: 01, *35: 01, *35: 08, and *51: 01 alleles frequencies were higher in the patients with HIV-1 infection compared to the controls as HLA-B*07: 02, *14: 01, *44: 01, and *55: 01 allele frequencies were detected low. HLA-B*57: 01 allele positivity, which is important in Abacavir hypersensitivity, was lower than controls, and this difference was not statistically significant.
CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that, HLA-B*07, *14, and *55 alleles and HLA-B*07: 02, *14: 01, *44: 01, and *55: 01 subgroups might have a protective effect, while HLA-B*15, *35, and *51 alleles and HLA-B*15: 01, *35: 01, *35: 08, and *51: 01 subgroups might play a role in susceptibility to HIV-1 infection.

Giriþ
Yenidoðan bebekte subkonjonktival kanama (SKK), doðum sýrasýnda intratorasik basýnç artýþýna baðlý olarak konjonktiva ve episklera arasýndaki ince damarlarýn kanamasý ile ortaya çýkmaktadýr. Doðum iliþkili SKK’lerin çoðu kendiliðinden sekelsiz regrese olmaktadýr. Ancak eþlik edebilen retinal kanama (RK) sýklýkla zor doðum ile iliþkili olup uzun dönemde görme iþlevini etkileyebilmektedir. Bu çalýþmanýn amacý, yenidoðan döneminde subkonjonktival kanamanýn insidans ve özelliklerini belirlemektir.
Gereçler ve Yöntem
Retrospektif tanýmlayýcý çalýþmamýzda Mayýs 2018-Mayýs 2019 döneminde subkonjonktival kanama nedeniyle Kanuni Sultan Süleyman Eðt. ve Arþt. Hastanesi göz kliniðine yönlendirilen term bebeklerin hasta dosyalarý incelendi. Gebelik haftasý, doðum aðýrlýðý, cinsiyet, baþ çevresi, göðüs çevresi, Apgar skoru, doðum þekli ve doðum sýrasý gibi demografik özellikler kaydedildi. Bebeklerde subkonjonktival kanama sýklýðý ve perinatal özelliklerle iliþkisi deðerlendirildi. Eþlik eden retinal kanamasý olan ve olmayan bebeklerin demografik özellikleri karþýlaþtýrýldý.
Bulgular
Çalýþmamýza 86 bebek alýndý. Yenidoðanlarýn 42'si (%48,8) erkek, 44'ü (%51,2) kadýndý. Ortalama gebelik haftasý 38.62 ± 1.074 idi. Ortalama doðum aðýrlýðý 3621.05 ± 453.372 g, baþ çevresi 35.35 ± 1.281 cm olarak bulundu. Sað gözde %31,4 (27), sol gözde %36 (31) ve her iki gözde %32,6 (28) SKK saptandý. SKK tanýsý ortalama 3,74 günde konuldu. Ortalama 1. dakika Apgar skoru 7.08 ± 0.352; 5. dakikadaki ortalama Apgar skoru 9 idi. Annelerin %11,6'sý (10) nullipardý ve%88,4'ü (76) multipar idi. Doðumlarýn 79'unun vajinal, 7'sinin sezaryen ile yapýldýðý tespit edildi. Toplam 16 bebekte eþlik eden RK saptandý. Doðumlarýn 7’si distozi olup bu annelerin bebeklerinin tamamýnda RK saptandý. Sezaryen ile doðan hiçbir bebekte retinal kanama saptanmadý.
Sonuç
SKK'li bebeklerin önemli bir kýsmýnda takip sýrasýnda görme bozukluklarýna yol açabilen bir RK de olabilir. Bu nedenle SKK'li bebeklerin ayrýntýlý oftalmolojik muayene için göz kliniðine yönlendirilmesi gerekmektedir. Bilateral SKK vakalarýnda, RK riski artmýþ olduðundan daha dikkatli davranýlmalýdýr. Özellikle müdahale gerektiren vajinal doðumlarda bebekte SKK saptanmasý durumunda olasý RK’yi atlamamak için fundus muayenesi yapýlmalýdýr. (NCI-2021-4-27/R1)

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to determine the incidence and characteristics of newborns with subconjunctival hemorrhage (SCH).
METHODS: In our study, patient files of term infants referred to the study hospital’s ophthalmology clinic in 2018–19 were analyzed. Demographic data of infants including gestational week, birth weight, gender, and head circumference were all recorded. The frequency of SCH detection was evaluated depending on delivery type. Demographic data of infants with and without retinal hemorrhage (RH) were compared.
RESULTS: A total of 172 eyes of 86 infants were included in study. Forty-two (48.8%) of 86 neonates were male, and 44 (51.2%) were female. Mean gestational week was 38.62±1.1. SCH was detected in 31.4% (27) in the right eye, 36% (31) in the left eye, and 32.6% (28) in both eyes. The diagnosis was made at the mean of 3.74 days (range 1–20). Mean birth weight was found as 3621.1±453.3 g, head circumference as 35.4±1.3 cm, height as 50.7±2 cm, and chest circumference as 33.6±1.4 cm. Mean Apgar score in 1st min was 7.1±0.4; 5th min was 9. About 11.6% (10) of the mothers were nulliparous, and 88.4% (76) were multiparous. It was found that 79 of the deliveries were vaginal and seven with cesarean section. RH was not detected in any of the infants born with cesarean section.
CONCLUSION: SCH and RH were more common in infants born vaginally. If SCH is detected, a fundus examination should be performed to not miss possible RH.

Giriþ: Kronik ürtiker (KÜ), etiyolojisinde immünolojik ve psikolojik faktörlerin olduðu yaygýn bir deri hastalýðýdýr. Çocukluk çaðý travmalarý, nöro-immüno-kutanöz-endokrin sistemin geliþimini bozabilir ve enflamatuar anormalliklerle karmaþýk bir patofizyolojik süreci baþlatarak potansiyel olarak deri hastalýðýnýn geliþmesine yol açabilir. Bu bilgiler ýþýðýnda, çocukluk çaðý travmasýnýn KÜ hastalarýnda hastalýðýn baþlangýcý ve þiddetlenmesinde rol oynayabileceðine inanýyoruz. Çalýþmamýz, KÜ ile çocukluk çaðý travmatik deneyimleri arasýnda potansiyel bir iliþki ortaya çýkarmayý amaçladý.
Yöntem: Bu çalýþma 53 kontrol ve 50 KÜ hastasý ile gerçekleþtirildi. Katýlýmcýlara sosyodemografik bilgileri içeren bir anket formu, Beck Anksiyete Ölçeði, Beck Depresyon Ölçeði ve Çocukluk Travmasý Ölçeði [Childhood trauma questionnaire (CTQ-28)] verildi.
Bulgular: Hasta grubunda herhangi bir çocukluk çaðý travma varlýðý %68, kontrol grubunda ise %54.7 olarak bulundu. Hasta grubunda, orta ila þiddetli anksiyete ve depresyon skorlarý daha yüksekti. Ortalama duygusal istismar skoru, erken baþlangýçlý ürtiker hastalarýnda (<35 yaþ), geç baþlangýçlý ürtiker (≥35 yaþ) ve kontrol grubuna göre anlamlý olarak daha yüksekti. Depresyon puanlarýnýn cinsel istismar hariç tüm istismar alt türleri ve CTQ-28 toplam puanlarý ile pozitif yönde iliþkili olduðu bulunmuþtur. Anksiyete puanlarý duygusal istismar, fiziksel ihmal, duygusal ihmal ve CTQ-28 toplam puanlarý ile pozitif korelasyon gösterdi.
Sonuç: Çocukluk çaðý travmalarý, kronik ürtiker hastlarýnda hastalýðýn erken baþlangýcý, þiddeti ve hastalýða eþlik eden depresyon ve anksiyete ile iliþkili bulunmuþtur. (NCI-2021-3-24/R1)

OBJECTIVE: Chronic urticaria (CU) is a common skin disease in which the etiology involves immunological and psychological factors. Childhood traumas may disrupt the development of the neuro-immuno-cutaneous-endocrine system and start a complex pathophysiological process with inflammatory abnormalities, potentially leading to the development of skin disease. In light of this information, we believe that childhood trauma may play a role in the onset and severity of disease in CU patients. Our study aimed to discover a potential relationship between CU and childhood traumatic experiences.
METHODS: This study was conducted with 53 controls and 50 CU patients. The participants were given a questionnaire form that included sociodemographic information, Beck Anxiety Scale, Beck Depression Scale, and Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ-28).
RESULTS: The rates of childhood trauma were found to be 68% in the patient group, and 54.7% in the control group. The patient group demonstrated higher scores for moderate to severe anxiety and depression. The mean emotional abuse score was significantly higher in early onset (<35 ages) urticaria patients in comparison to late onset urticarial (≥35 ages) and the control group. It was found that depression scores were positively correlated with all abuse sub-types, excluding sexual abuse, and total CTQ-28 scores. Anxiety scores were positively correlated with emotional abuse, physical neglect, emotional neglect, and total CTQ-28 scores.
CONCLUSION: Childhood traumas are associated with the early onset and severity of disease in CU patients as well as the accompanying depression and anxiety.

Amaç: Saðlýk anksiyetesi kiþide herhangi bir bedensel hastalýk bulunmadýðý halde olaðan bedensel duyumlarýn olumsuz yönde aþýrý yorumlanmasý olarak tanýmlanmaktadýr. Çalýþmanýn amacý, Eskiþehir’de birinci basamak saðlýk hizmeti sunan kuruluþlara baþvuran 18 yaþ üstü bireylerin saðlýk anksiyetesi düzeylerini ve iliþkili olabilecek faktörleri deðerlendirmektir.
Yöntemler: Kesitsel tipte olan çalýþma, Eskiþehir ilinde birinci basamak saðlýk kuruluþlarýna baþvuran eriþkinlerde yapýldý. Çalýþma grubunu 1200 kiþi oluþturdu. Veri toplama amacýyla saðlýk anksiyetesi ile iliþkili faktörleri sorgulayan sorular ve Saðlýk Anksiyetesi Ölçeði’ni içeren bir anket kullanýldý. Verilerin analizinde ölçek puanýna etki eden faktörleri belirlemek için Saðlýk Anksiyetesi Ölçeði puanýnýn logaritmasý alýnarak hiyerarþik çoklu lineer regresyon analizi uygulandý.
Bulgular: Saðlýk Anksiyetesi Ölçeði’nden alýnan toplam puanlar 1-47 arasýnda deðiþmekte olup, ortalama 16.4±8.7, ortanca puan 15 idi. Çalýþma grubundakilerin %41.9’u ortalamanýn üzerinde puan aldý. Kadýn cinsiyet, aile gelir durumunun kötüleþmesi, kronik hastalýk varlýðý, genel saðlýk durumunun kötüleþmesi, mental ve davranýþsal bozukluk belirtileri, saðlýk kuruluþlarýna fazla sayýda yapýlan baþvurular ve hastanede yatýþ öyküsü saðlýk anksiyetesi düzeyini etkileyen faktörler olarak bulundu.
Sonuç: Eskiþehir’de birinci basamak saðlýk kuruluþlarýna baþvuranlar arasýnda, saðlýk anksiyetesinin önemli bir sorun olduðu bulundu. Saðlýk anksiyetesi açýsýndan riskli gruplardaki bireylere eðitim verilmesi ve bu gruplarýn saðlýk anksiyetesi açýsýndan yakýn takipleri yapýlarak gerektiðinde psikososyal destek saðlanmasý uzun vadede saðlýk hizmetlerinin aþýrý kullanýmýný önleyecektir. (NCI-2021-3-5/R1)

OBJECTIVE: Health anxiety is defined as the negative over-interpretation of the usual physical sensations, although the person does not have any physical illness. The study aims to evaluate the health anxiety levels of individuals over the age of 18 who admit to primary healthcare institutions in Eskisehir and the factors that may be associated with it.
METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study. The study was conducted in adults who admitted to primary healthcare institutions in Eskisehir. The study group consists of 1200 individuals. For the purpose of collecting data, a questionnaire including the questions regarding the factors related to health anxiety and the Health Anxiety Scale were used. In the analysis of the data, a logarithm of The Short Health Anxiety Inventory (SHAI) scores was performed to determine the factors affecting the inventory score and hierarchical multiple linear regression analysis was used.
RESULTS: The total scores from The SHAI ranged from 1 to 47, with an mean of 16.4±8.7 and a median score of 15. Of 41.9% of study group scored above mean score. Female gender, deterioration of family income, presence of chronic disease, worsening of general health status, symptoms of mental and behavioral disorders, high number of admissions to health institutions, and hospitalization history were found to be factors affecting the level of health anxiety.
CONCLUSION: Health anxiety was found to be an important problem among those who admitted to primary healthcare institutions in Eskisehir. Providing education to individuals in risky groups in terms of health anxiety, and these groups should be closely monitoring in terms of health anxiety and providing psychosocial support when necessary will prevent excessive use of health services in the long-term.

Amaç: Nöropsikiyatrik deðerlendirme çocuk ve ergen psikiyatrisi klinik pratiðinde temel deðerlendirme yöntemlerinden biri olmasýnýn yaný sýra merkezi sinir sistemi bozukluklarý açýsýndan da önemli veriler sunmaktadýr. Bu güne kadar yapýlan pek çok çalýþmada epileptik hastalarda psikiyatrik komorbiditenin sýk olduðu ve nörogeliþimsel bozukluklarda epilepsinin sýklýkla eþlik ettiði bildirilmiþtir. Epileptik bozukluklar ve psikiyatrik hastalýklarýn yüksek komorbiditesi göz önünde bulundurulduðunda, psikiyatri klinik örnekleminde epileptik bozukluklar için olasý prediktörlerin belirlenmesi oldukça önemlidir. Bu çalýþmada retrospektif olarak, çocuk ve ergen psikiyatrisi klinik örnekleminde WISC-R sonuçlarýndan yola çýkarak eþlik eden epileptik bozukluklar için olasý prediktör faktörlerin belirlenmesi amaçlanmýþtýr.
Yöntem: Çalýþma verileri, Gazi Üniversitesi Çocuk ve Ergen Psikiyatrisi polikliniðinde Ocak 2013-Aralýk 2020 tarihleri arasýnda farklý ön tanýlarla WISC-R testi uygulanan 2609 olgu dosyasýnýn geriye dönük taranak, WISC-R’ýn küplerle desen alt testinde 2 ve üzeri rotasyon hatasý yapan olgular (n=71) saptanarak bu olgularýn sistem kayýtlarýndaki elektroensefalografi (EEG) sonuçlarýna ulaþýlarak elde edilmiþtir (n=60).
Bulgular: Çalýþma grubunda EEG kaydý olan çocuklarýn %15’inde anormal elektriksel aktivite tespit edilmiþtir. Hem normal EEG hem de anormal EEG’ye sahip grupta en sýk konulan tanýnýn DEHB olduðu saptanmýþtýr. Korelasyon analizlerinin sonuçlarýna göre zihinsel yetersizliði olan olgularda WISC-R performans alt test puanlarý ile anormal EEG aktivitesi arasýnda pozitif-zayýf iliþki (r=.56), WISC-R performans ve sözel alt test puanlarý arasýndaki fark ile anormal EEG aktivitesi arasýnda ise pozitif-kuvvetli bir iliþki saptanmýþtýr ( r=.74).
Sonuçlar: WISC-R küplerle desen alt testinde rotasyon hatalarý yapan çocuklarýn EEG kayýtlarýnda farklý anormal elektriksel aktivite paternleri izlenmektedir, rotasyon hatalarýna ek olarak, özellikle zihinsel yetersizlik tanýsý olan çocuklarda WISC-R performans ve sözel alt testler arasýnda belirgin farklýlýk olmasý olasý anormal EEG aktivitesi açýsýndan en önemli prediktör faktörlerdir. (NCI-2021-4-5/R1)

OBJECTIVE: Neuropsychiatric assessment is essential part of child and adolescent psychiatry clinic practice, also provides important information about central nervous system dysfunctions. In studies conducted to date, it has been known that both the high frequency of psychiatric comorbidity in epileptic patients and that epilepsy comorbidity is quite common in neurodevelopmental disorders. In fact, considering the high comorbidity of epileptic abnormalities and psychiatric disorders, it has been very important to determine predictors for epileptic abnormalities in a clinical sample of child and adolescent psychiatry. In this retrospective study, we aim to determine possible predictive factors for epileptic abnormalities in a clinical sample of child and adolescent psychiatry according to Weschler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-R) results.
METHODS: We identified patients who had two or more rotation errors in the block design subtest of WISC-R by retrospectively scanning the system records of 2609 cases who were applied WISC-R with different prediagnoses at Gazi University Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Outpatient Clinic between January 2013 and December 2020 (n=71). After the first step identification, we selected the ones who had a previous electroencephalography (EEG) recording available for our own re-review (n=60).
RESULTS: We found 15% EEG abnormalities and ADHD is the most common diagnosis in both normal and abnormal EEG groups. Due to correlation analysis, there was a positive-mild correlation between presence of EEG abnormality and WISC-R performance (r=0.56) in intellectual disability (ID) group and a positive-strong correlation between presence of EEG abnormality and WISC-R performance-verbal scores (r=0.74) in ID group.
CONCLUSION: This study has shown that many different abnormal EEG patterns can be found in patients who have rotation errors in the block design test of WISC-R, suggesting diagnoses of ID, and having notable performance-verbal subtests scores difference and rotation errors in the block design subtest of WISC-R should be predicitive factors for epileptic abnormalities.

Amaç: Görme engelli bir çocuðun doðumu, ekonomik maliyetler, diðer aile üyelerinin karþýlanmayan beklentileri ve ailenin toplumdan sosyal olarak soyutlanmasý nedeniyle aile için stres, hayal kýrýklýðý ve týbbi zorluklara yol açar. Bu ailelerin çoðunda anneler birincil bakýmveren olduklarý için stresörlere diðer aile üyelerine göre daha sýk maruz kalmaktadýr. Bu çalýþmada annenin baðlanma stilleri, annede depresyon ve anksiyete düzeyleri ile görme engelli çocuklarýnýn davranýþ sorunlarý arasýndaki iliþkiyi inceledik.
Yöntemler: Bu bir vaka kontrol çalýþmasýdýr. Çalýþma grubunda 35 görme engelli, kontrol grubunda 31 saðlýklý çocuk vardý. Tüm anneler Yetiþkin Baðlanma Stili Boyutlarý Ölçeðini, Beck Depresyon ve Anksiyete Envanterlerini ve Sorun Davranýþ Kontrol Listesini tamamladý.
Bulgular: Sonuçlarýmýz, saðlýklý kontrollere kýyasla görme engelli çocuklarýn sinirlilik, stereotipik davranýþ ve uygunsuz konuþma gibi davranýþ problemlerinin daha yüksek seviyelerde olduðunu gösterdi. Beklentilerimizin aksine her iki grupta da annelerin depresyon ve anksiyete puanlarý benzerdi, annelerin baðlanma türleri açýsýndan da gruplar arasýnda anlamlý farklýlýk yoktu. Ýlginç þekilde, görme bozukluðu grubundaki annelerde güvenli baðlanma ile depresyon arasýnda pozitif bir iliþki vardý. Diðer bir deyiþle, güvenli baðlanma stiline sahip anneler daha depresifti. Öte yandan, annenin endiþeli / kararsýz baðlanma stili ile çocuðun sinirliliði arasýnda pozitif bir iliþki saptandý.
Sonuç ve Tartýþma: Görme engelli çocuða sahip olan annelerde depresyon-güvenli baðlanma arasýndaki iliþki, çocuðun engeli nedeniyle daha yüksek duyarlýlýðýn sonucu olabilir ve gelecekteki çalýþmalarda deðerlendirilmelidir. (NCI-2021-3-40/R1)

OBJECTIVE: The birth of a visually impaired child leads to stress, disappointment, and medical challenges for the family due to the economic and financial costs, unmet expectations of other family members, and social embarrassment-isolation of the family from society. In these families, mothers are exposed to the stressors more often than other family members, because, in most families, they are the primary caregivers. In this study, we examined the relationship between maternal attachment styles, maternal depression and anxiety levels, and behavioral problems of children with visual impairment.
METHODS: This is a case–control study. In the study group, there were 35 children with visual impairment, and in the control group, there were 31 healthy children. All mothers completed adult attachment style dimensions scales, beck depression, and anxiety inventories, and the aberrant behaviour checklist.
RESULTS: Our results demonstrated that children with visual impairment have higher levels of behavior problems including irritability, stereotypic behavior, and inappropriate speech when compared with healthy controls. Contrary to our expectations depression and anxiety, scores of mothers were similar, also, there was not a difference in terms of maternal attachment types. Interestingly, there was a positive relationship between secure attachment and depression among mothers of the visual impairment group. In other words, securely attached mothers were more depressive. On the other hand, there was a positive relationship between anxious/ambivalent attachment and the child’s irritability.
CONCLUSION: The relationship between maternal depression and secure attachment could be a consequence of higher maternal sensitivity due to a child’s impairment and should be evaluated in future studies.

Amaç: Kardiyovasküler manyetik rezonans görüntüleme (MRG), fonksiyonel ve morfolojik bilgi saðlamadaki avantajlarý nedeniyle birçok merkezde rutin kardiyoloji kliniðinde yaygýn olarak kabul edilen referans görüntüleme tekniðidir. Bununla birlikte, klinik uygulamadaki ulusal deneyim ve kardiyovasküler MRG bulgularý hakkýnda çok az bilgi bulunmaktadýr. Bu çalýþmanýn amacý, kardiyak görüntüleme bölümümüze baþvuran hastalarýn klinik ve demografik özelliklerini ortaya koymaktýr.
Yöntem: Bu retrospektif çalýþmaya 2016 ile 2019 yýllarý arasýnda gerçekleþtirilen toplam 500 kardiyovasküler MRG incelemesi alýndý. Hastalarýn klinik endikasyonlarý, demografik ve kardiyovasküler MRG bulgularý geriye dönük olarak deðerlendirildi.
Bulgular: Bu retrospektif, tek merkezli çalýþmaya beþ yüz hasta (E / K = 301/ 199 ) dahil edildi. Muayenelerin çoðu doðuþtan kalp hastalýðý (n= 254, %50,8) için yapýlmýþtýr. Diðer endikasyonlar miyokard hastalýðý (n= 160, %32), kardiyak kitle (n= 44, %8,8), kalp kapak hastalýðý (n= 20, %4), manyetik rezonans anjiyografi [n=12, %2,4 ( aort ve pulmoner arter (n=9, %1.8) ve koroner arterler (n=3, %0.6)], vaskülit (n= 7, %1.7), perikardiyal hastalýkdýr (n=3, %0.6). 3 hastada (% 0.06) kontrast madde enjeksiyonu sýrasýnda minör komplikasyon yaþadý.
Sonuç: Kardiyovasküler MRG, klinik alanda yaygýn olarak kabul gören çeþitli kardiyak patolojileri tanýmlamada güvenilir ve doðru bir görüntüleme aracýdýr. 500 vakalýk tek merkez deneyimimiz, günlük uygulamada ulusal veri havuzuna katkýda bulunabilecek klinik endikasyon çeþitlerini göstermektedir. (NCI-2021-11-15/R1)

OBJECTIVE: Cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a widely accepted reference imaging technique in routine cardiology clinics in many centers due to its advantages in providing preferable functional, morphologic information. However, there is little information about national experience in clinical application and findings of cardiovascular MRI. The objective of this study was to demonstrate the clinical and demographic characteristics of patients admitted to our cardiac imaging department.
METHODS: A total of 500 cardiovascular MRI examinations performed between 2016 and 2019 were enrolled in this retrospective study. Clinical indications, demographic, and cardiovascular MRI findings of the patients were retrospectively evaluated.
RESULTS: Five hundred patients (M/F=301/199) were included in this retrospective, single center study. The majority of the examinations were performed for the assessment of congenital heart disease (n=254, 50.8%). The other indications were for myocardial disease (n=160, 32%), cardiac mass (n=44, 8.8%), valvular heart disease (n=20, 4%), magnetic resonance angiography (n=12, 2.4% for aorta and pulmonary artery [n=9, 1.8%] and for coronary arteries [n=3, 0.6%]), and vasculitis (n=7, 1.7%), pericardial disease (n=3, 0.6%). Minor complication was seen during the contrast agent injection in three patients (0.06%).
CONCLUSION: Cardiovascular MRI is a reliable and accurate imaging tool in identifying the various cardiac pathology with widely accepted use in the clinical area. Our single-center experience of 500 cases demonstrates the varieties of clinical indications in daily practice that may contribute to the national data pool.

The work aimed to explore the clinical hypothesis on the possible alternative to Opiorphin and its stable analogues for treating fibromyalgia pain. Fibromyalgia is a condition characterized by chronic pain triggered by an interplay of biological and psychosocial variables, although the exact pathogenesis is still controversial. Standard therapy for low threshold tender point pain includes NSAIDs and opioid analgesics, both of which have serious adverse profiles after long-term exposure, highlighting the need for an intermediate compound capable of bridging the gap between NSAIDs and opioid analgesics. Opiorphin is an anti-nociceptive modulator which inhibits the enzyme responsible for the degradation of natural endogenous opioid neuropeptides. This paper hypothesizes and concludes that Opiorphin and its stable analogues (Sialorphine, STR-324) can be an alternative for the treatment of chronic long-standing low-threshold tender point pain associated with fibromyalgia. (NCI-2022-7-13)